Typical comp shape
Data engineers usually earn rsu + espp. Common employers include Databricks, Snowflake, Fivetran, dbt Labs. Common at data-platform companies where ESPP plus RSU stacking gets meaningful against a volatile enterprise-software share price.
What Minnesota changes
In Minnesota, every RSU vest, NSO exercise, and ESPP purchase carries 9.85% state tax on top of federal. For a senior data engineer with $300k+ of equity income, the state layer routinely adds $25-45k to the annual bill.
State AMT for ISO holders
If your data engineer role grants ISOs (common at pre-IPO startups, uncommon at post-IPO mega-caps), be aware that Minnesota runs its own AMT calculation. An ISO exercise-and-hold here generates AMT at two layers, not one.
Planning cadence
For a data engineer in Minnesota, the three planning windows are: after each RSU vest (withholding check and sell-vs-hold), before any ISO exercise (AMT model at both federal and state), and in Q4 (estimated tax top-up to clear the safe harbor).