Typical comp shape
Software engineers usually earn rsu, sometimes + espp. Common employers include Alphabet, Meta, Stripe, Amazon. Largest single audience; broadly tiered RSU grants by level.
What Virginia changes
In Virginia, every RSU vest, NSO exercise, and ESPP purchase carries 5.75% state tax on top of federal. For a senior software engineer with $300k+ of equity income, the state layer routinely adds $25-45k to the annual bill.
Planning cadence
For a software engineer in Virginia, the three planning windows are: after each RSU vest (withholding check and sell-vs-hold), before any ISO exercise (AMT model at federal only), and in Q4 (estimated tax top-up to clear the safe harbor).